GB/T 27855-2011

Environmental toxicologists and chemical risk assessors use this standard to evaluate the long-term potential effects of a single chemical on the carbon transformation activity of soil microorganisms. It is primarily applied to test agricultural chemicals (e.g., pesticides, fertilizers) and non-agricultural chemicals to determine their impact on the soil microbial flora and environmental safety. This standard matters because it provides a standardized method to detect disruptions to the key carbon cycle process in soil, thereby protecting soil ecological functions and agricultural sustainability.

环境毒理学家和化学品风险评估人员使用该标准来评估单一化学品对土壤微生物碳转化活性的长期潜在影响。该标准主要用于测试农用化学品（如农药、肥料）和非农用化学品对土壤微生物菌群的影响，以确定其环境安全性。该标准的重要性在于它提供了一种标准化的方法，用于检测化学品对土壤中碳循环关键过程的干扰，从而保护土壤生态功能和农业可持续性。

This standard specifies a test method for evaluating the long-term potential effects of a single chemical on soil microbial carbon transformation activity, applicable to both agricultural and non-agricultural chemicals for toxicity assessment. The test measures glucose-induced respiration rates (CO2 release or O2 consumption) in soil samples, comparing treated and control groups to assess impacts on the soil microbial flora. For agricultural chemicals, at least two concentrations are used, with testing lasting 28 days and extending to 100 days if the difference is ≥25%; for non-agricultural chemicals, five concentrations are used, and ECx values are calculated after 28 days. The standard details soil selection, sample collection and storage, test substance preparation, incubation conditions, and reporting requirements.

本标准规定了单一化学品对土壤微生物碳转化活性的长期潜在影响的试验方法，适用于农用化学品和非农用化学品的毒性评估。试验通过测定土壤样品中葡萄糖诱导的呼吸速率（二氧化碳释放或耗氧量），比较处理组与对照组的差异，评估化学品对土壤微生物菌群的影响。对于农用化学品，至少使用两个浓度，测试持续28天，若差异≥25%则延长至100天；对于非农用化学品，使用5个浓度，28天后计算ECx值。标准详细规定了土壤选择、样品采集与贮存、受试物制备、培养条件及结果报告要求。