GA/T 954-2011
ActiveSpecification for impressed marks in toolmarks examination in forensic
法庭科学工具痕迹中凹陷痕迹的检验规范
Catalogue
前言 → 1 范围 → 2 原理 → 3 术语和定义 → 4 检验设备 → 5 对凹陷痕迹检验对象、前处理、实验样本材料的要求 → 6 检验方法 → 7 检验内容 → 8 检验意见的表述 Foreword → 1 Scope → 2 Principle → 3 Terms and definitions → 4 Examination equipment → 5 Requirements for examination objects, pretreatment, and experimental sample materials of impressed marks → 6 Examination methods → 7 Examination content → 8 Expression of examination opinions
Scope
This standard specifies the examination content, examination methods, and expression of examination opinions for the examination of impressed marks in toolmark examination in the field of forensic science. This standard is applicable to the examination and identification of impressed marks in forensic science.
本标准规定了法庭科学领域工具痕迹学中凹陷痕迹检验的检验内容、检验方法及检验意见的表述等。本标准适用于法庭科学凹陷痕迹的检验鉴定。
Keywords
Application Summary AI generated
Forensic examiners in public security and judicial identification agencies use this standard to examine and identify impressed toolmarks in criminal cases. They compare crime scene marks with suspect tool samples to determine tool type or perform individual identification, providing critical evidence for case investigation. This standard unifies examination procedures and opinion expression, ensuring scientific validity and legal admissibility of identification results.
公安司法鉴定机构的痕迹检验技术人员使用本标准，对刑事案件中工具形成的凹陷痕迹进行检验和鉴定。他们通过比对现场痕迹与嫌疑工具样本，判断工具种类或进行同一认定，为案件侦破提供关键证据。该标准统一了检验流程和意见表述，确保了鉴定结果的科学性和法律效力。
AI Summary AI generated
This standard specifies the specification for impressed marks examination in forensic science, covering examination content, methods, and opinion expression. Based on the principles of class and individual identification, it uses direct observation, comprehensive analysis, and comparison methods to examine crime scene marks and sample marks, aiming to determine tool type or perform individual identification. The standard defines relevant terms in detail, sets requirements for examination objects, pretreatment, sample materials, and equipment, and standardizes the expression of examination opinions under different scenarios, providing a unified technical basis for judicial identification.
本标准规定了法庭科学中凹陷痕迹检验的规范，涵盖检验内容、方法及意见表述。它基于种类认定和同一认定原理，通过直观、综合分析和比对等方法，对现场痕迹与样本痕迹进行检验，以判断工具种类或进行同一认定。标准详细定义了相关术语，并对检验对象、前处理、样本材料及设备提出了要求，最后规范了不同情形下检验意见的表述方式，为司法鉴定提供了统一的技术依据。
Key Sentences extracted from text
本标准规定了法庭科学领域工具痕迹学中凹陷痕迹检验的检验内容、检验方法及检验意见的表述等。
按照种类认定和同一认定原理，利用科学技术手段对现场痕迹和样本痕迹反映出的工具种类和个体特征进行检验，可以对形成痕迹的工具种类和个体加以鉴别，对形成方式、工具特点进行分析判断。
承痕体受到造痕体的机械作用后，在接触部位法线方向形成的凹陷状塑性变形，表现为承痕体局部向内塌陷。
对现场痕迹和样本痕迹的形状、尺寸及相互关系等种类特征和细节特征逐一进行比较鉴别，从而判断是否同一工具形成的痕迹。
现场痕迹与嫌疑工具制作的样本痕迹反映出的工具种类特征相同、相符细节特征的组合关系具有特定性且没有出现本质差异时，检验意见表述为现场痕迹是嫌疑工具所形成。
This standard specifies the examination content, examination methods, and expression of examination opinions for the examination of impressed marks in toolmark examination in the field of forensic science.
According to the principles of class identification and individual identification, using scientific and technical means to examine the tool class and individual characteristics reflected in the crime scene marks and sample marks, the tool class and individual that formed the marks can be identified, and the formation method and tool characteristics can be analyzed and judged.
After the object containing the marks is subjected to mechanical action by the tool causing the marks, a concave plastic deformation is formed in the normal direction of the contact area, manifested as a local inward collapse of the object containing the marks.
Compare and identify the class characteristics and individual characteristics such as shape, size, and mutual relationship of the crime scene marks and sample marks one by one, thereby determining whether the marks were formed by the same tool.
When the tool class characteristics reflected by the crime scene marks and the sample marks made by the suspect tool are the same, and the combination of matching individual characteristics is specific without essential differences, the examination opinion is expressed as the crime scene marks were formed by the suspect tool.